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<Task-table>
    <Task-category name="&lt;default&gt;">
    </Task-category>
</Task-table>
<Task>
</Task>
<Text-field style="Title" layout="Title">Dobbeltpendul og kaos med maple</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L122" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">restart:
with(plots):
with(plottools):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L121" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">g:=9.82; #Her kan g \303\246ndres, hvis n\303\270dvendigt!</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8" size="14">Denne maplesheet er et produkt af to timers kedsomhed og derfor ikke super gennemarbejdet. Men jeg tror at det er meget l\303\246rerigt at lege lidt med et dobbeltpendul og udforske kaos n\303\246rmere.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8" size="14">Det hele er oprindeligt lavet for eget forn\303\270jelse, men jeg har tilf\303\270jet nogle ord hvis andre var interesseret i at smugkigge.</Font></Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">&quot;Execute&quot; og luk denne sektion!</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal">Herned bliver funktionenerne <Font family="Monospaced">DoublePendul() og PendulAnimation()</Font><Font encoding="UTF-8"> defineret til at l\303\270se og animere problemet. Tryk enter og luk denne sektion!</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L117" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">#----Definition af differentialligninger----
ligning1:= proc(theta1,theta2,m1,m2,L1,L2)
        diff(theta1,t,t) = (   -g*(2*m1+m2)*sin(theta1) - g*m2*sin(theta1-2*theta2) - 2*sin(theta1-theta2)*m2*(diff(theta2,t)^2*L2+diff(theta1,t)^2*L1*cos(theta1-theta2))   )/  (   L1*(2*m1+m2-m2*cos(2*theta1-2*theta2))   )
end proc:

ligning2:= proc(theta1,theta2,m1,m2,L1,L2)
        diff(theta2,t,t) = (  2*sin(theta1-theta2)*(diff(theta1,t)^2*L1*(m1+m2)+g*(m1+m2)*cos(theta1)+diff(theta2,t)^2*L2*m2*cos(theta1-theta2))  )/  (   L2*(2*m1+m2-m2*cos(2*theta1-2*theta2)))
end proc:

<Font encoding="UTF-8">printf(&quot;Ligninger der skal l\303\270ses:&quot;);</Font>
ligning1(theta1(t),theta2(t),m1,m2,L1,L2);
ligning2(theta1(t),theta2(t),m1,m2,L1,L2);
printf(&quot;   &quot;);
printf(&quot;   &quot;);




<Font encoding="UTF-8">#----Ligningsl\303\270ser----
</Font>DobbeltPendul:= proc(theta1_0,theta2_0,d_theta1_0,d_theta2_0, m1, m2, L1, L2)::listprocedure;local dsys,n_frames;

        dsys := {ligning1(theta1(t),theta2(t),m1,m2,L1,L2),ligning2(theta1(t),theta2(t),m1,m2,L1,L2),theta1(0)=theta1_0,theta2(0)=theta2_0, D(theta1)(0)=d_theta1_0, D(theta2)(0)=d_theta2_0}:

        return [op(dsolve(dsys,numeric,output=listprocedure)),masse1 = m1,masse2 = m2, Laengde1 = L1, Laengde2 = L2]:
end proc:


#----Animation----
PendulAnimation:= proc(InputData,t_end)
    #---------------------
        m1:= subs(InputData,masse1);
        m2:= subs(InputData,masse2);
        L1:= subs(InputData,Laengde1);
        L2:= subs(InputData,Laengde2);
        n_frames:= t_end*10;
        m1_radius:=m1*0.1:
        m2_radius:=m2*0.1:
        theta_1:=subs(InputData,theta1(t));
        theta_2:=subs(InputData,theta2(t));
    #---------------------

    #----Prototyper af figur----
        Circle := (x,y,r)-&gt;circle([x,y], r, color=blue):
        Line := (x1,y1,x2,y2)-&gt;line([x1,y1], [x2,y2], color=red,thickness=2):
        baggrund:=PLOT(rectangle([-L1-L2-1,0],[L1+L2+1,-L1-L2-1],color=white)):
    #----Tegning af pendul----
        m1_centrum:=n-&gt;display(Circle(L1*sin(theta_1(0.1*n)),-L1*cos(theta_1(0.1*n)),m1_radius)):
        m2_centrum:=n-&gt;display(Circle(L1*sin(theta_1(0.1*n))+L2*sin(theta_2(0.1*n)),-L1*cos(theta_1(0.1*n))-L2*cos(theta_2(0.1*n)),m2_radius)):

        m1_line:=n-&gt;display(Line(0,0,L1*sin(theta_1(0.1*n)),-L1*cos(theta_1(0.1*n)) )):
        m2_line:=n-&gt;display(Line(L1*sin(theta_1(0.1*n)),-L1*cos(theta_1(0.1*n)),L1*sin(theta_1(0.1*n))+L2*sin(theta_2(0.1*n)),-L1*cos(theta_1(0.1*n))-L2*cos(theta_2(0.1*n)) )):


        p:=n-&gt;display(m1_centrum(n),m2_centrum(n),m1_line(n),m2_line(n)): #Animation pr n'te frame

        A := array(1..2):
        A[1]:=animate(p,[n],n=0..n_frames,frames=n_frames,scaling=constrained,background=baggrund):
        A[2]:=odeplot(InputData,[theta1(t),theta2(t)],t=0..t_end,frames=n_frames,title='Faseplot'):
        display(A);
end proc:
    
</Text-field>
</Input>
<Output>
<Text-field style="Line Printed Output" layout="Line Printed Output">      </Text-field>
</Output>
</Group>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1"><Font encoding="UTF-8">S\303\245dan bruger du funktionerne</Font></Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">For at l\303\270se ligningerne skal man v\303\246lge nogle startsbetingelser til vinklerne </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMUYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1">LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMUYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1</Equation> og <Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMkYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1">LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMkYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1</Equation><Font encoding="UTF-8"> (se figur 1.4, s. 14 i bogen) samt masser og l\303\246ngder. For at l\303\270se ligningerne numerisk benyttes syntaksen </Font><Font family="Monospaced" bold="true">DoublePendul</Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="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">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</Equation><Font encoding="UTF-8">, hvor \316\270'erne er til tiden 0, og som output kommer der en liste med l\303\270sningerne. Lad os starte med et eksempel:</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal" alignment="centred"><Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="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">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</Equation>
<Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="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">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</Equation></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L82" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">losning:= DobbeltPendul(Pi/2,Pi,0,0,5,4,4,5);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">hvor listen med l\303\270sningen er gemt i </Font><Font family="Monospaced" bold="true">losning</Font>.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">For at animere bev\303\246gelsen skal man skrive </Font><Font family="Monospaced" bold="true">PendulAnimation(losning, t_end)</Font>, hvor <Font bold="true">t_end</Font><Font encoding="UTF-8"> er l\303\246ngden af animationen (i sekunder). F.eks. (kan tage lidt tid at beregne):</Font></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L83" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">PendulAnimation(losning, 15);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Klik p\303\245 plottet og der kommer en STOP/PLAY-menu op i toppen (alternativ: h\303\270jreklik--&gt;Animation--&gt;Play).</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">For at hive en af funktionerne ud af listen med l\303\270sninger, kan </Font><Font family="Monospaced" bold="true">subs()</Font> benyttes. F.eks. hvis vi er interesseret i at arbejde med <Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMUYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1">LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMUYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1</Equation>:</Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L84" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">theta1:=subs(losning, theta1(t));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal">og denne kan benyttes som en normal funktion, f.eks.:</Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L85" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">theta1(4);
plot(theta1(t),t=0..10);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L115" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">#reset af variable
losning:='losning':
theta1 :='theta1':
</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Der f\303\270lger nogle eksempler p\303\245 anvendelser.</Font></Text-field>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Eksempel 1: Lille variation i startsbetingelser \342\207\222 Kaos!</Font></Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Her er et simpel eksempel med to n\303\246sten identiske systemer, hvor det eneste forskel er at i det ene system er pendulets </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2J1EnJiM5NTI7RicvJSVib2xkR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lLG1hdGh2YXJpYW50R1ElYm9sZEYnLyUrZm9udHdlaWdodEdGOi1GIzYmLUkjbW5HRiQ2JlEiMUYnRjJGOEY7RjJGOEY7LyUvc3Vic2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRicvRjlRJ25vcm1hbEYn">LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2J1EnJiM5NTI7RicvJSVib2xkR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lLG1hdGh2YXJpYW50R1ElYm9sZEYnLyUrZm9udHdlaWdodEdGOi1GIzYmLUkjbW5HRiQ2JlEiMUYnRjJGOEY7RjJGOEY7LyUvc3Vic2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRicvRjlRJ25vcm1hbEYn</Equation><Font encoding="UTF-8"> startet 0.02 radianer (ca. 1 grad) anderledes end det andet system. Normalt (as in &quot;line\303\246re systemer&quot;) ville s\303\245dan en forskel v\303\246re negligibelt.</Font></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L89" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">losning1 :=DobbeltPendul(Pi/2,       Pi/4, 0, 0,  7,5,7,4): #1
losning2 :=DobbeltPendul(Pi/2+0.02,  Pi/4, 0, 0,  7,5,7,4): #2</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Og her ses animationerne (hiv i plottet s\303\245 det passer til sk\303\246rmst\303\270rrelsen):</Font></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L90" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">#Kan tage lidt tid at beregne
Grid:= array(1..2,1..1):
Grid[1,1]:=PendulAnimation(losning1,30):
Grid[2,1]:=PendulAnimation(losning2,30):
display(Grid);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">optil ca. 15 s f\303\270lger systemerne (n\303\246sten identisk) hinanden, hvor de derefter <Font italic="true">\303\246ndrer (meget groft) &quot;opf\303\270rsel&quot;!</Font></Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">dette kan ses tydeligere ved at se p\303\245 </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Math" input-equation="" display="LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMkYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1">LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnJiM5NTI7RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMkYnRjVGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiQtRi82JVEidEYnL0YzUSV0cnVlRicvRjZRJ2l0YWxpY0YnRjVGNUY1</Equation> for de to systemer:</Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L94" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">theta_2_1:=subs(losning1,theta2(t)):    #1
theta_2_2:=subs(losning2,theta2(t)):    #2</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L93" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot([theta_2_1(t),theta_2_2(t)],t=0..30);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"> </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal">som det ses er de identiske til ca. t = 15 sek.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Et dobbelpendul er derfor meget f\303\270lsom overfor startsbetingelserne!</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L124" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">#reset af variable
theta_2_2:='theta_2_2':
theta_2_1:='theta_2_1':
losning1:='losning1':
losning2:='losning2':
</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Eksempel 2: Sm\303\245 udsving</Font></Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">N\303\245r man taylorudvikler ligningerne og l\303\270ser dem, f\303\245r man p\303\246ne harmoniske l\303\270sninger for sm\303\245 udsving. Her kan vi unders\303\270ge dette.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal">Vi har her et pendul i hvile, der bliver skubbet igang.</Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L102" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">SmaaUdsving:= DobbeltPendul(0,0,0.1,0.1,8,10,10,4):
PendulAnimation(SmaaUdsving,15);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Bev\303\246gelsen er som forventet. Lad os plotte vinklerne for funktion af tiden:</Font></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L104" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">theta1:=subs(SmaaUdsving,theta1(t)):
theta2:=subs(SmaaUdsving,theta2(t)):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L105" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot([theta1(t),theta2(t)],t=0..20);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Som forventet. Det kunne v\303\246re sk\303\246gt at sammenligne vinkelfrekvensen med de lineariserede l\303\270sninger, dog ikke sk\303\246g nok til at jeg gider det nu.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L125" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">#reset af variable
SmaaUdsving:='SmaaUdsving':
theta1:='theta1':
theta2:='theta2':</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Eksempel 3: Energibevarelse? <Font size="14">(og fejl i numeriske beregninger)</Font></Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font size="14">There better be!</Font></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L109" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">#Koordinater
x1:=t-&gt;L1*sin(theta1(t));
y1:=t-&gt;-L1*cos(theta1(t));
x2:=t-&gt;L1*sin(theta1(t))+L2*sin(theta2(t));
y2:=t-&gt;-L1*cos(theta1(t))-L2*cos(theta2(t));

#Kinetisk og potential energi
V:=t-&gt;m1*g*y1(t) + m2*g*y2(t);
T:=t-&gt;1/2*m1*(D[1](x1)(t)^2+D[1](y1)(t)^2) + 1/2*m2*(D[1](x2)(t)^2+D[1](y2)(t)^2);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L111" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">#Et tilf\303\246ldigt system
</Font>L1:=7:
L2:=6:
m1:=6:
m2:=7:
losning3:= DobbeltPendul(0,Pi/3, 2,0,m1,m2,L1,L2):
#PendulAnimation(losning3,15);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">og s\303\245 plot af energien over tid</Font></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L112" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">theta1:=subs(losning3,theta1(t)):
theta2:=subs(losning3,theta2(t)):
odeplot(losning3,[t,   T(t)+V(t)   ],t=0..200,axes=boxed,view=[0..200,170..180]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Det ser ud som om det totale energi af systemet vokser (meget langsomt) og ikke er bevaret! Men ingen grund til at tro at alt vores teori er forkert og en nobelpris er i sigte! Dette skyldes at der sker en masse afrundinger n\303\245r ligningerne l\303\270ses numerisk og over langtid kommer der derfor sm\303\245 fejl.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">N\303\245r nu systemet er s\303\245 f\303\270lsom overfor startsbetingelser, kan det t\303\246nkes at systemet ogs\303\245 er meget f\303\270lsom overfor s\303\245danne sm\303\245 afrundingsfejl. Efter et stykke tid, vil vores l\303\270sning formentlig v\303\246re helt galt p\303\245 den! Derfor er det i praksis umuligt at forudsige bev\303\246gelsen af et dobbeltpendul, selvom det er et s\303\245 simpelt system. S\303\245 hvor sv\303\246rt mon det er at forudsige vejret?</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L126" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">#reset af variable
x1:='x1':
y1:='y1':
x2:='x2':
y2:='y2':
V:='V':
T:='T':
L1:='L1':
L2:='L2':
m1:='m1':
m2:='m2':
theta1:='theta1':
theta2:='theta2':</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Leg videre her!</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Hvis du alligevel ikke har meget andet at fortage dig her i livet, leg l\303\270s med dobbeltpendul selv!</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L106" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">P1:=DobbeltPendul(0,Pi/2,0,0,10,100,50,7):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L108" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">PendulAnimation(P1,50);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L128" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L127" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L114" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Worksheet>
